dna polymerase types

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dna polymerase types

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This PCR used for the qualitative and quantitative test. As s result, a more significant proportion of minor variant DNA will be amplified and be available for subsequent rounds of PCR.PCR plays a vital role in the detection of mutations in oncology specimens, especially in heterogeneous tumours as well as bodily fluids.This PCR also assists in the assessment of residual disease after surgery or chemotherapy and disease staging and molecular profiling for prognosis or tailoring therapy to individual patients.Colony PCR is a method in which, where identification of DNA of interest inserted into the plasmid is obtained by designing the inserted DNA specific primers.The bacterial colony containing the plasmid can directly be amplified using two sets of primers.The first set is of the insert specific primers which amplify the insertion sequence, and the other is of vector-specific flanking primers, which amplifies the plasmid DNA other than the inserted DNA.A bacterial colony is taken and added directly into the master mix containing all other PCR reagents.The main application of colony PCR is in the identification of correct ligation and insertion of inserted DNA into bacteria as well as yeast plasmid.The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a test tube system for DNA replication which allows a “target” DNA sequence to be selectively amplified several million folds in just a few hours.PCR enables the synthesis of specific DNA fragments using a DNA-polymerase enzyme, which takes part in the replication of the cellular genetic material.This enzyme synthesizes a complementary sequence of DNA, as a small fragment (primer) is connected to one of the DNA strands in the specific site chosen to start the synthesis.Primers limit the sequence to be replicated, and the result is the amplification of a particular DNA sequence with billions of copies.Conventional PCR is applied in selective DNA isolation, amplification and quantification of DNA, medical and diagnostic approaches, infectious disease diagnosis, forensic studies and research areas.Digital PCR (dPCR) is a quantitative PCR technology that provides a sensitive and efficient way for the measurement of the amount of DNA or RNA present in a sample.For dPCR, the initial sample mix is divided into a large number of individual wells prior to the amplification step, resulting in either target sequence being present in each well or not.Based on the presence or absence of fluorescence in the amplified reaction wells calculation of the absolute number of targets present in the original sample is done.Wells with a fluorescent signal are considered positives and scored as “1” while wells with no such signal are negatives and scored as “0”.The concentration of the target sequence present in the initial sample is then determined through Poisson statistical analysis.dPCR is used to determine the total numbers of DNA and RNA viruses, bacteria, and parasites in a variety of clinical specimens, mainly when a well-calibrated standard is not available.Fast cycling PCR is a PCR-based technology that allows amplification of specific PCR products with significantly reduced cycling time.The principle in this process is the same as conventional PCR, the only difference being the time of amplification.The buffer used in this PCR increases the affinity of Taq DNA polymerases for short single-stranded DNA fragments, reducing the time required for successful primer annealing to just 5 seconds.Fast cycling PCR is essential for processes requiring quick cycles and also helps in the rapid diagnosis of diseases and mutations.High-fidelity PCR is a modifies PCR method that utilizes a DNA polymerase with a low error rate and results in a high degree of accuracy in the replication of the DNA of interest.Such enzymes have a significant binding affinity for the correct nucleoside triphosphate during amplification.In the case of an incorrect binding in the polymerase active site, incorporation is slowed due to the architecture of the active site complex.Highfidelity amplification is essential for experiments whose outcome depends upon the correct DNA sequence like cloning, SNP analysis, NGS applications.It is a hugely powerful technique for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double stranded DNAIt is massively cost-effective vs. other genotyping technologies such as sequencing and Taqman SNP typing.

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dna polymerase types

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